Artichoke culture technique

The fork tail is native to North America and is a large fish. Its largest individual is about 20 kilograms. The United States began artificial breeding of the catfish tails in 1955. Because the fish is delicate, nutritious, delicious, and free of intermuscular spurs, coupled with fast growth, large individuals, mixed feeding habits, strong disease resistance, high catch-out rates, and wide temperature tolerance, it is well received by consumers. And farmers' favor. First, the biological characteristics of the channel fork? Fresh body shape is longer, the front of the body is wider and fat, the back slightly slender, relatively flat abdomen. The body surface is smooth and scaleless, with rich mucus and complete lateral lines. The head is small, the mouth is sub-terminal, and the upper and lower jaws have small, dense, fine teeth. With 4 pairs of tentacles, the mouth must be the longest. The dorsal and pectoral fins have a hard spine and a fat fin. Caudal fins diverge deeper. The body is grey or dark gray, and the abdomen is milky white with irregular black spots on both sides of the body. Fork-tailed fish is a benthic fish with cluster characteristics. It is relatively gentle and easy to use on the Internet. The catch rate in a pond can reach 70%. Forktails are omnivorous fish, bulimia, and prefer to feed in clusters under low light conditions. In natural water bodies, juvenile fish mainly feed on plankton and aquatic insects, and adult fish mainly feed on benthic animals and organic debris. Under artificial breeding conditions, we also like to eat commercial feed. The fish has a strong adaptability to the environment, a suitable temperature range is 0°C to 38°C, a growth feeding temperature is 5°C to 35°C, and normal life can be achieved when the dissolved oxygen is 2 ml/liter or more. Forktails grow faster, and the fry hatched in summer can grow to 15 to 25 centimeters by the end of the year. Under intensive conditions, the tail weight can reach 0.8 to 1 kilogram in the second year. Its sexual maturity is 3 to 4 years old. The spawning season is from May to August each year. It is a one-time spawning type. The spawning water temperature is 20°C to 30°C, and the relative spawning volume is 5,000 to 13,000 grains/kg body weight. Under natural conditions, broodstock have the habit of nesting and protecting eggs. Second, the seedling cultivation technology The seedling production adopts the secondary culture method, that is, the larvae are first cultivated into summer flowers of about 4 centimeters, and then the summer flowers are bred into winter pieces with a body length of more than 12 centimeters. The summer flower cultivation pond area is suitable for about 1 mu. The method of breeding similar to the "Four Home Fish" seedlings can be used, and about 3 to 50,000 tails per mu can be stocked. After 20 to 30 days of cultivation, when the fish body up to 4 to 5 centimeters, it should be sparsely divided ponds, into the breeding stage. Fish breeding ponds can choose to use an area of ​​1 to 2 acres of ponds, after the clear pond after the mu summer bloom 10000 to 13000, this stage of fry has become mainly swallowed, so mainly rely on feeding artificial feed. Can be the first powder to the material transition, until the fry grow to 6 to 7 cm, gradually changed to small particle size of the floating pellet feed, according to the water temperature level, the daily feed is generally controlled at about 3% to 5%. Summer fish fingerlings are cultivated until the end of the year, and their body length is generally more than 15 cm. At this time, they can naturally overwinter or go into winter cages. During the winter, a small amount of water can be fed when the water temperature is above 10°C. Third, the adult fish culture technology catfish tail? Adaptability, its breeding methods can be either single, but also polyculture. Intensive aquaculture can be performed either in ponds, in reservoir feed, or in cages or flow basins, of which ponds and cages are more common. 1. Pond culture. The main ponds have catfish tails, which can be used in general ponds. After clearing and disinfecting, they can be stocked in winter or early spring. Each species can hold between 13 and 18 centimeters of fish, ranging from 1,000 to 1,200 fish. At the same time, 50 to 100 tails of mixed carp and carp can be reared. In the adult breeding process, according to the growth of fish and the market price, a large number of adult fish weighing more than 500 grams can be collected and placed on the market. Under adequate feed conditions, the average weight at the end of the year can reach about 0.8 kilograms, and the yield per mu is about 700-800 kilograms. Forktails can also be mixed in ponds dominated by grass carp, sea bream and silver carp, that is, in conventional breeding ponds, 80 to 100 species of catfish, 15 to 20 cm in diameter, are mixed. And appropriately increase the amount of feeding, do a good job of water quality management, generally increase production per acre of 50 to 80 kg. After the pond polyculture, the bottom fish, such as oysters and squid, are no longer raised. 2. Cage culture. You can choose convenient and non-polluting waters like Kuwan or Shantang. The water depth requirement is 4 meters or more. 221.2 cubic meters of closed small cages can be used. The mesh is larger than 2 cm. The cage frame is made of bamboo. If feeding pellets, then a feed pipe with a diameter of 10 cm should be made to pass through 30 cm from the bottom of the tank. The bottom of the box is meshed with a dense mesh to synthesize the feed table; if a floating feed is fed, there is no need to set a feed pipe. But to make a floating feed box on the lid. Multiple cages can be connected in a row using cables and anchored in the selected waters. The orientation of the cages is perpendicular to the water flow. The distance between the boxes is more than 3 meters and the distance between the rows is more than 20 meters. The new cages must be laid in water 7 days before stocking, so that some filamentous algae and other attachments can be attached to the box to avoid scratching the fish. Fish species in cages should be stocked in winter or early spring. Each box can be placed about 15 cm long and 800 to 1000 fish species. After stocking, we must strengthen day-to-day management: 1 Check box inspection every day to prevent fish escape. 2 Diligently wash the boxes, usually every 7 days. In summer, wash the boxes more frequently to ensure that the water inside and outside the box is free and the water is fresh. 3 Adhere to the principle of timing, fixed-point, and quantitative feeding. The feed must be palatable and fresh, and the fodder without mildew should not be fed. The daily feed should be controlled at 2% to 3%. 4 Do a good job of the “three defenses”: prevent floods, prevent fish from flies and prevent fish diseases. Due to the high density of cage culture, it is necessary to pay more attention to the comprehensive prevention measures of “prevention first, internal use and external elimination”. In addition to careful handling of fingerlings when they are put into the tank, and fish immersion disinfection, fish disease During the popular season, regular sulfanilamide, furans, and antibiotics should also be taken in feedstuffs, and the water around the cage should be disinfected with a bagging method to reduce the chance of infection by pathogens.

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