Factory seedlings are made of special-purpose plug trays of different specifications, using light earthless materials such as peat moss, vermiculite, etc. as the substrate, and the effects of cultivating strong seedlings can be achieved through fine management. This technology can shorten the tomato planting cycle, early maturity, improve resource utilization and production efficiency.
1. Plug selection. 72-hole or 50-hole plastic trays are generally used.
2. Matrix preparation. According to the amount of tomato planting seedlings, prepare the number of plastic plugs. The matrix was prepared with 4 to 5 cubic meters of matrix per 72 trays. The substrate was formulated with peat: vermiculite = 2:1 or peat: vermiculite: spent mushroom material = 1: 1:1 (all by volume), and vermiculite was used for the covering.
3. Fertilization method. Each cubic meter of mixed matrix was added with 2.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, or 1.2 kg of urea and 1.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The fertilizer and the matrix were mixed and mixed until ready for use. After the three-leaf and one-hearted seedling stage, spray water can be used for 1 to 2 foliar sprays.
4. Seed treatment. Soaking in warm water at 50°C～55°C for 20 minutes, then soaking in water at 20°C～30°C for 4～5 hours, sowing germination again.
5. Seeding depth. It is advisable to sow about 1 cm deep.
6. Moisture management. After sowing, the seedling substrate was sprayed with water, and the drain hole of the plug hole overflowed with water. During the seedling stage, the cotyledon was expanded to two leaves and one heart, and the moisture content of the substrate was maintained at 65% to 70% of the maximum water holding capacity. From three leaves to one seedling, the substrate moisture content was maintained at 60% to 65% of the maximum water holding capacity.
7. Temperature management. During germination, the temperature in the shed is maintained at 25°C to 27°C, and it is expected that the seedlings will emerge in 3 to 4 days. When 60% of the seedlings in the seedling plate emerge, the seedling plate can be placed in the nursery greenhouse. The temperature is 25°C, and the night temperature is 16-18°C. In summer, the high temperature season is mainly for cooling, especially for preventing nighttime high temperatures, such as excessive nighttime temperatures, which can be controlled by water to prevent leggy growth.
8. Pest control. The main diseases of tomato during seedling stage are damping-off disease, blight, early blight, and virus disease. The pests mainly include aphids and whitefly, and should be sprayed and controlled in time.
9. Make up and separate seedlings. When using seedlings for seedlings, the seedlings should be observed when the first true leaf is unfolded. 72 seedlings are used to grow tomato seedlings. They can also be seeded in 128- or 288-well seedling trays. When the seedlings grow to one true leaf, they are moved to the 72-well seedling trays, which can effectively use the greenhouse area and reduce energy consumption.
10. The standard of seedlings. Plant height 15 to 18 cm, stem diameter 4.5 mm, 6 to 7 true leaves, seedling age 50 to 60 days.
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